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Application of chlorine dioxide in toothpaste

23 - May - 2026

Toothpaste is an oral hygiene product, and its most basic function is to clean and maintain oral hygiene. Chlorine dioxide perfectly meets this requirement and is suitable for toothpaste products.

In the toothpaste industry, researchers have been exploring whitening toothpaste formulations. Whitening toothpaste typically has a pH between 9 and 10, and peroxides are often chosen for their whitening effect, but these are difficult to meet in terms of both processing and efficacy. Hydrogen peroxide decomposes rapidly in the presence of trace amounts of iron and copper ions, and releases oxygen upon heating—an irreversible process that renders the toothpaste ineffective. Because hydrogen peroxide is unsuitable, urea peroxide, known for its stability, is chosen . However, urea peroxide requires a high concentration and a long treatment time to achieve its whitening effect. Dental clinics typically prepare whitening pastes containing urea peroxide , requiring several hours of application with braces to achieve the desired whitening effect. Toothpaste requires large amounts of urea peroxide to achieve this , and the effect is not significant. Bleaching powder works by forming hypochlorous acid under acidic conditions. Hypochlorous acid decomposes, releasing reactive oxygen species that have bleaching properties. Since toothpaste typically has a pH between 9 and 10, it does not release oxygen and is therefore ineffective.

Zhang Zhifeng conducted an exploratory study on the use of chlorine dioxide in toothpaste. The toothpaste production materials used in the experiment were those commonly used in toothpaste production, and the formula was based on a standard, mature formula with varying amounts of chlorine dioxide added. The concentrations of chlorine dioxide added to the base formula were: 1× 10⁻⁶ %, 2×10⁻⁶ % , 5× 10⁻⁶ %, 10× 10⁻⁶ %, 15× 10⁻⁶ % , 20×10⁻⁶%, 25× 10⁻⁶ % , and 30×10⁻⁶ % . The experiment showed that consumers could accept chlorine dioxide concentrations below 20×10⁻⁶ % , but higher concentrations caused oral discomfort. Brushing teeth with toothpaste containing 1× 10⁻⁶ % chlorine dioxide on individuals with oral inflammation showed significant symptom relief on the first day, near-complete recovery on the second day, and complete recovery after three days. Furthermore, prolonged use resulted in no discomfort. Based on these experimental results, it was found that using 10×10⁻⁶ % chlorine dioxide as a toothpaste additive maintains essentially unchanged physicochemical properties, is heat- and cold-resistant, and provides no discomfort after prolonged use. Oral symptoms disappeared, and teeth became whiter than before. Simultaneously, soaking extracted teeth in 10×10⁻⁶ % chlorine dioxide toothpaste resulted in a whitening effect after 2 hours. While some progress has been made, significant work remains to be done to integrate chlorine dioxide into toothpaste production.

Chlorine dioxide, as a toothpaste additive, can both whiten teeth and kill oral bacteria. Furthermore, toothpaste can be made without additional preservatives, as chlorine dioxide is a highly effective, fast-acting, and safe preservative. In addition, adding chlorine dioxide to toothpaste requires no special processing conditions and is easy to implement. Therefore, chlorine dioxide has enormous potential for development and practical application in toothpaste.