Application and development prospects of chlorine dioxide in American pig farms

Rice is China's main grain crop, with its planting area and yield ranking first among China's grains. About 60% of the Chinese population eats rice as their staple food. Controlling rice diseases is of great significance to ensuring increased grain production. According to relevant data, there are forty to fifty kinds of rice diseases in China. If not controlled, they can cause losses of more than 15%. At present, the resistance of pathogens to drugs is constantly increasing, making control more and more difficult. There are three main types of diseases: (1) Rice blast, also known as rice fever, is an important disease that is prevalent in rice-growing areas throughout the country. Rice blast is a disease caused by a fungus that occurs at all stages of rice growth (divided into seedling blast , leaf blast , stem blast , branch blast , grain blast , and node blast ). (2) Sheath blight: Sheath blight is an easily identifiable fungal disease that mainly affects leaves and leaf tips, but can also infect panicles and stems. The disease is most severe from the tillering stage to the heading stage. (3) Bacterial leaf blight: Bacterial leaf blight is an important bacterial disease of rice and a plant quarantine object in China. When rice is infected, the leaves wither and the grains are not plump, generally resulting in a yield reduction of 10% to 30%.

Currently, commonly used fungicides for controlling rice diseases in China include isoprothiolane EC, carbendazim WP, dicyclazole WP , thiophanate-methyl EC, and methyltopril. Some of these products require the use of organic solvents such as toluene, xylene, acetone, and methanol, which evaporate into the air during spraying, causing environmental pollution and toxicity to operators and crops. Over long-term use, pathogens have developed resistance, leading to decreased efficacy.

Chlorine dioxide has been used for the disinfection of drinking water. Song Hongan and Liu Huang first applied chlorine dioxide to the prevention and control of rice diseases.

(1) The technical solution uses chlorine dioxide solution to disinfect rice seeds by soaking, spraying in the field, and soaking seedlings . The concentration of chlorine dioxide solution used for seed soaking is 100-250 mg/L, the concentration of chlorine dioxide solution used for field spraying is 40-80 mg/L, and the concentration of chlorine dioxide solution used for seedling soaking is 50-100 mg/L.

The advantages of this invention are that it does not cause pathogens to develop drug resistance, it is non-toxic, leaves no residue, and does not harm operators or the environment. It can achieve a control effect of over 70% against rice blast, leaf blast, stem blast, and bacterial blight.

(2) Specific implementation method: First, dissolve the single-component chlorine dioxide powder in 50 times the amount of water to prepare chlorine dioxide mother liquor, and then dilute it according to the required concentration.

① Seed soaking: Use a chlorine dioxide solution with a concentration of 200 mg/L to soak the seeds for 24 hours. The water level should be 10-15 cm above the seed surface. Cover the soaking container and do not stir. After germination in an incubator, the germination rate will not be affected, and seedling emergence will be safe.

② Soaking seedlings: Place the bundled seedlings upside down in a chlorine dioxide solution with a concentration of 100mg/L, ensuring the solution covers the roots of the seedlings. Soak for one minute, then remove the seedlings and let them sit for half an hour before transplanting.

③ Field spraying: Use a 50 mg/L chlorine dioxide solution and spray with a manual sprayer to control sheath blight, white leaf disease, leaf blast , and stem blast . Generally, spray once every 5-7 days, mainly protecting rice growth during the tillering and heading stages. When acute lesions appear on leaves during the tillering stage, immediately spray with a 50 mg/L chlorine dioxide solution using a manual sprayer. If the disease has not stopped developing after 7 days, spray again. In rice fields during the jointing stage or after flooding following strong winds or heavy rains , spraying the entire field once with a 50 mg/L chlorine dioxide solution using a manual sprayer can effectively prevent white leaf blight.